- Tenses are rules of english grammer which tell us that which time a work is been done and what amount of
work.
Concept of "Helping verb" with TIME
How to know which type time is in a sentence → by knowing helping verb of different time.
Concept of work being done
To know how much a work is being done → using forms of verbs
- Go --- went --- gone
- Whenever there is first form of main verb → the work is indefinite
- First form of main verb + 'ing'(shows the work is currently being done) → the work is
countinous
- Third form of main verb → the work is perfect
- (here the work is completed so it will be 'perfect')
Present Tense
Present Indefinite Tense
- Helping verb → Do/Does
- This tense is used when we want to tell our habits, schedule, routine.
- This is also used in newspapers heading.
- Affirmative → Subject + main verb(1) + s,es + object
- If the subject is first/second person then no use of 's,es' with verb
- I write on white board.
- I live in Naintal.
- If the subject is third person then use 's,es' with verb
- He writes on white board.
- Sumit lives with me.
- Negative → Subject + do/does + not + main verb(1) + object
- Use 'do' with plurals and 'does' with singular.
- I do not tell a lie.
- You do not take medicine.
- She does not try.
- Interrogative → Do/does + subject + main verb(1) + object?
- Interrogative sentence → whose answer is in the form or either 'yes' or 'no'.
- Note → interrogative sentences always start with helping verbs.
- Plural → do, singular → does and 'I' → do
- Examples
- Do you play?
- Do you live there?
- Does he teach you?
- Double interrogative → WH family + Do/does + subject + main verb(1) + object?
- Double interrogative sentence → whose answer is given in detail.
- Examples
- Why do you cry?
- What does he say?
- Where do we go?
Present Continuous
- Here the work in currently going on.
- Helping verbs → Is/am/are
- Affirmative → subject + is/am/are + main verb(1) + ing + object.
- Subject singular → 'is', I → 'am' and plural → 'are'.
- Examples
- I am coming.
- She is preparing for exam.
- You are thinking about us.
- Negative → subject + is/am/are + not + main verb(1) + ing + object.
- Examples
- Your brother is not calling you.
- I am not coming with you.
- He is not getting me.
- Interrogative → Is/am/are + subject + main verb(1) + ing + object?
- Examples
- Are you talking to me?
- Is she going to her house?
- Are you celebrating your birthday?
- Double interrogative → Wh family + is/am/are + subject + main verb(1) + ing +
object?
- Examples
- Where are you going tonight?
- Why is he not talking to me?
- Which phone are you using?
Present Perfect Tense
- Helping verb → has/have
- Work is in present but it is completed.
- Has → singular subject, I → have & have → plural subject
- Affirmative → subject + has/have + main verb(3) + object
- Example
- I have eaten the food.
- We have met him.
- He has met you.
- Negative → subject + has/have + not + main verb(3) + object
- Examples
- I have not seen Taj Mahal.
- He has not reached home.
- Interrogative → has/have + subject + main verb(3) + object?
- Examples
- Have you won the match?
- Have you done the work?
- Interrogative → wh family + has/have + subject + main verb(3) + object?
- Examples
- When have you won the match?
- How have you done the work?
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
- Helping verbs → has been/have been
- Has been → singular, have been → plural and I → have been.
- This is continuous tense which is perfect.
- This means work is being done in systematic manner and we know the time from where the work
started.
- Affirmative → subject + has/have + been + main verb(1) + ing + object + since/for +
time.
- Since → definite/exact/fix timing(2 october 2020)(morning, night, evening, etc) & for
→ indefinite timing(10 days)
- Example
- I have been waiting for you since morning.
- He has been trying for two days.
- You have been living in Delhi since 1980.
- Negative → subject + has/have + not + been + main verb(1) + ing + object + since/for
+ time.
- Example
- Your son has not been coming to school for 2 days.
- Priyanka has not been learning her lesson since evening.
- Interrogative → has/have + subject + been + main verb(1) + ing + object +
since/for?
- Examples
- Have you been working here for 10 years.
Future Tense
Future Indefinite
- Affirmative → subject + will/shall + main verb(1) + object
- 'Shall' → I/we and 'will' for other.
- When there is threat, promise and determination in a sentence then the above rule
will change.
- then I/we → 'will'.
- I will see you.
- I will kill you.
- Examples
- I shall go.
- You will come.
- I shall meet you.
- I shall eat the food.
- Negative → subject + will/shall + not + main verb(1) + object
- Examples
- I shall not meet you.
- I shall not go to home.
- She will not come.
- He will not go to home.
- I will not read the newspaper.
- Interrogative → will/shall + subject + main verb(1) + object
- Examples
- Will you come today?
- Shall I go there?
- Double interrogative → wh family + will/shall + subject + main verb(1) + object
- Examples
- Who shall I call today?
- When will you go home?
Future Continuous
- Affirmative → subject + will/shall + be + main verb(1) + ing + object.
- Examples
- I shall be coming.
- You will be writing.
- You will be watching me.
- Negative → subject + will/shall + not + be + main verb(1) + ing + object.
- Examples
- I shall not be making up things.
- He will not be telling a lie.
- Mom will not be cooking the food.
- Interrogative → will/shall + subject + be + main verb(1) + ing + object.
- Examples
- Will he be coming?
- Shall I be going?
- Will he be attending the class?
- Will you be watching me?
- Double interrogative → wh family + will/shall + subject + be + main verb(1) + ing +
object.
- Examples
- Who will they be calling tomorrow.
- When shall I be cooking food.
- How will you be going there?
Future Perfect Tenses
- Affirmative → subject + will/shall + have + main verb(3) + object.
- Examples
- You will have come here.
- I will have met you.
- You will have eaten the food.
- Negative → subject + will/shall + not + have + main verb(3) + object.
- Examples
- I shall not have met you.
- You will not have red the book.
- I will not have reached to the moon.
- Interrogative → will/shall + subject + have + main verb(3) + object.
- Examples
- Will you have met me?
- Will you have gone there?
- Will he have played the cricket?
- Double interrogative → wh family + will/shall + subject + have + main verb(3) + object.
- Examples
- When will they red the book?
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
- Affirmative → subject + will/shall + have been + main verb(1) + ing + object + since/for
- Examples
- You will have been going to the hotel since morning.
- I will have been eating the food for 2 hours.
- You will have been studying for 6 months.
- He will have been abusing you for 5 hours.
- Negative → subject + will/shall + not + have been + main verb(1) + ing + object + since/for
- Examples
- You will not have been going to hotel since morning.
- I will not have been teaching you for two days.
- Interrogative → will/shall + subject + have been + main verb(1) + ing + object + since/for?
- Examples
- Will you have been living in Dehli for 10 years?
- Double interrogative → wh family + will/shall + subject + have been + main verb(1) + ing + object + since/for?