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Tenses ⇗

Concept of "Helping verb" with TIME

How to know which type time is in a sentence → by knowing helping verb of different time.

Concept of work being done

To know how much a work is being done → using forms of verbs

Present Tense

Present Indefinite Tense

  • Helping verb → Do/Does
  • This tense is used when we want to tell our habits, schedule, routine.
  • This is also used in newspapers heading.
  • Affirmative → Subject + main verb(1) + s,es + object
  • If the subject is first/second person then no use of 's,es' with verb
    • I write on white board.
    • I live in Naintal.
  • If the subject is third person then use 's,es' with verb
    • He writes on white board.
    • Sumit lives with me.
  • Negative → Subject + do/does + not + main verb(1) + object
  • Use 'do' with plurals and 'does' with singular.
    • note → with 'I' use do.
  • I do not tell a lie.
  • You do not take medicine.
  • She does not try.
  • Interrogative → Do/does + subject + main verb(1) + object?
  • Interrogative sentence → whose answer is in the form or either 'yes' or 'no'.
  • Note → interrogative sentences always start with helping verbs.
  • Plural → do, singular → does and 'I' → do
  • Examples
    • Do you play?
    • Do you live there?
    • Does he teach you?
  • Double interrogative → WH family + Do/does + subject + main verb(1) + object?
  • Double interrogative sentence → whose answer is given in detail.
  • Examples
    • Why do you cry?
    • What does he say?
    • Where do we go?

Present Continuous

  • Here the work in currently going on.
  • Helping verbs → Is/am/are
  • Affirmative → subject + is/am/are + main verb(1) + ing + object.
  • Subject singular → 'is', I → 'am' and plural → 'are'.
  • Examples
    • I am coming.
    • She is preparing for exam.
    • You are thinking about us.
  • Negative → subject + is/am/are + not + main verb(1) + ing + object.
  • Examples
    • Your brother is not calling you.
    • I am not coming with you.
    • He is not getting me.
  • Interrogative → Is/am/are + subject + main verb(1) + ing + object?
  • Examples
    • Are you talking to me?
    • Is she going to her house?
    • Are you celebrating your birthday?
  • Double interrogative → Wh family + is/am/are + subject + main verb(1) + ing + object?
  • Examples
    • Where are you going tonight?
    • Why is he not talking to me?
    • Which phone are you using?

Present Perfect Tense

  • Helping verb → has/have
  • Work is in present but it is completed.
  • Has → singular subject, I → have & have → plural subject
  • Affirmative → subject + has/have + main verb(3) + object
  • Example
    • I have eaten the food.
    • We have met him.
    • He has met you.
  • Negative → subject + has/have + not + main verb(3) + object
  • Examples
    • I have not seen Taj Mahal.
    • He has not reached home.
  • Interrogative → has/have + subject + main verb(3) + object?
  • Examples
    • Have you won the match?
    • Have you done the work?
  • Interrogative → wh family + has/have + subject + main verb(3) + object?
  • Examples
    • When have you won the match?
    • How have you done the work?

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

  • Helping verbs → has been/have been
  • Has been → singular, have been → plural and I → have been.
  • This is continuous tense which is perfect.
  • This means work is being done in systematic manner and we know the time from where the work started.
  • Affirmative → subject + has/have + been + main verb(1) + ing + object + since/for + time.
  • Since → definite/exact/fix timing(2 october 2020)(morning, night, evening, etc) & for → indefinite timing(10 days)
  • Example
    • I have been waiting for you since morning.
    • He has been trying for two days.
    • You have been living in Delhi since 1980.
  • Negative → subject + has/have + not + been + main verb(1) + ing + object + since/for + time.
  • Example
    • Your son has not been coming to school for 2 days.
    • Priyanka has not been learning her lesson since evening.
  • Interrogative → has/have + subject + been + main verb(1) + ing + object + since/for?
  • Examples
    • Have you been working here for 10 years.

Past Tense

Past Indefinite Tense

  • When a work is done in past but we don't know exactly when we did it.
  • The sentences which tell us about a work been done in past.
  • Here 2nd form of main verb is used.
  • Note → 2nd form of verb is only used in past indefinite form.
  • This tense is most used because we generally tell things that we have done in past.
  • As we know that with indefinite 2nd form of verb is used but this is an exceptional case.
  • Affirmative → subject + main verb(2) + object.
  • Examples
    • He came.
    • We met him.
    • My father called me.
  • Negative → subject + did + not + main verb(1) + object.
  • Main verb is first form because 'did' is 2nd form of 'do'.
  • Examples
    • I did not tell a lie.
    • He did not watch the film.
    • Mr Deepak did not teach us.
  • Interrogative → did + subject + main verb(1) + object?
  • Examples
    • Did you watch the video on youtube?
    • Did he study?
    • Did you write?
  • Double interrogative → wh family + did + subject + main verb(1) + object?
  • Examples
    • Why did you call me?
    • What did you say to him?
    • What did you ask him?
    • Why did you go there?

Past Continous Tense

  • Affirmative → subject + was/were + main verb(1) + ing + object
  • I → was, plural → were and singular → was.
  • Examples
    • I was going.
    • I was studying.
    • He was going by the bus.
    • I was talking to you.
    • I was watching the film.
    • She was trying to come.
    • You were playing.
    • They were having lunch.
  • Negative → subject + was/were + not + main verb(1) + ing + object
  • Examples
    • I was not telling a lie.
    • I was not speaking english.
    • I was not meeting you.
    • She was not eating the food.
    • He was not celebrating Diwali.
  • Interrogative → was/were + subject + main verb(1) + ing + object
  • Examples
    • Were you coming here?
    • Were you watching the TV?
    • Were you calling me?
    • Were you playing cricket?
  • Double interrogative → wh family + was/were + subject + main verb(1) + ing + object
  • Why were you coming here?
  • What were you studying?
  • What were you watching?
  • Who were you meeting?

Past Perfect Tense

  • When we are telling about a work which is completed in past.
  • Here the sentence will be in a sense that the work is definitely completed in past.
  • Affirmative → subject + had + main verb(3) + object
  • Examples
    • I had said.
    • I had seen you.
    • I had met him.
    • I had done the work.
    • I had watched the film.
    • He had come.
  • Negative → subject + had + not + main verb(3) + object
  • Examples
    • I had not said that.
    • I had not seen you.
    • I had not abused him.
    • I had not met him.
    • I had not gone there.
  • Interrogative → had + subject + main verb(3) + object
  • Examples
    • Had you gone there.?
    • Had you met him.?
    • Had you celebrated the Diwali.?
    • Had he come?
  • Double interrogative → wh family + had + subject + main verb(3) + object
  • Examples
    • Why had you gone there?
    • Why had you met her?
    • Why had you not gone there?

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

  • When in past there is a working going on.
  • Affirmative → subject + had + been + main verb(1) + ing + object + since/for.
  • Examples
    • I had been waiting for you since morning.
    • We had been playing cricket for 10 minutes.
    • You had been living in Delhi for 10 years.
    • I had been flying the kite since 26 January.
  • Negative → subject + had + not + been + main verb(1) + ing + object + since/for.
  • Examples
    • I had not been waiting for you for 2 days.
    • I had not been watching TV for 10 mins.
    • I had not been waiting for you for 10 years.
    • You had not been studying for 10 minutes.
  • Interrogative → had + subject + been + main verb(1) + ing + object + since/for.
  • Examples
    • Had you been walking for couple hours.
  • Double interrogative → wh family + had + subject + been + main verb(1) + ing + object + since/for.

Future Tense

Future Indefinite

  • Affirmative → subject + will/shall + main verb(1) + object
  • 'Shall' → I/we and 'will' for other.
    • When there is threat, promise and determination in a sentence then the above rule will change.
    • then I/we → 'will'.
    • I will see you.
    • I will kill you.
  • Examples
    • I shall go.
    • You will come.
    • I shall meet you.
    • I shall eat the food.
  • Negative → subject + will/shall + not + main verb(1) + object
  • Examples
    • I shall not meet you.
    • I shall not go to home.
    • She will not come.
    • He will not go to home.
    • I will not read the newspaper.
  • Interrogative → will/shall + subject + main verb(1) + object
  • Examples
    • Will you come today?
    • Shall I go there?
  • Double interrogative → wh family + will/shall + subject + main verb(1) + object
  • Examples
    • Who shall I call today?
    • When will you go home?

Future Continuous

  • Affirmative → subject + will/shall + be + main verb(1) + ing + object.
  • Examples
    • I shall be coming.
    • You will be writing.
    • You will be watching me.
  • Negative → subject + will/shall + not + be + main verb(1) + ing + object.
  • Examples
    • I shall not be making up things.
    • He will not be telling a lie.
    • Mom will not be cooking the food.
  • Interrogative → will/shall + subject + be + main verb(1) + ing + object.
  • Examples
    • Will he be coming?
    • Shall I be going?
    • Will he be attending the class?
    • Will you be watching me?
  • Double interrogative → wh family + will/shall + subject + be + main verb(1) + ing + object.
  • Examples
    • Who will they be calling tomorrow.
    • When shall I be cooking food.
    • How will you be going there?

Future Perfect Tenses

  • Affirmative → subject + will/shall + have + main verb(3) + object.
  • Examples
    • You will have come here.
    • I will have met you.
    • You will have eaten the food.
  • Negative → subject + will/shall + not + have + main verb(3) + object.
  • Examples
    • I shall not have met you.
    • You will not have red the book.
    • I will not have reached to the moon.
  • Interrogative → will/shall + subject + have + main verb(3) + object.
  • Examples
    • Will you have met me?
    • Will you have gone there?
    • Will he have played the cricket?
  • Double interrogative → wh family + will/shall + subject + have + main verb(3) + object.
  • Examples
    • When will they red the book?

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

  • Affirmative → subject + will/shall + have been + main verb(1) + ing + object + since/for
  • Examples
    • You will have been going to the hotel since morning.
    • I will have been eating the food for 2 hours.
    • You will have been studying for 6 months.
    • He will have been abusing you for 5 hours.
  • Negative → subject + will/shall + not + have been + main verb(1) + ing + object + since/for
  • Examples
    • You will not have been going to hotel since morning.
    • I will not have been teaching you for two days.
  • Interrogative → will/shall + subject + have been + main verb(1) + ing + object + since/for?
  • Examples
    • Will you have been living in Dehli for 10 years?
  • Double interrogative → wh family + will/shall + subject + have been + main verb(1) + ing + object + since/for?